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Previous-year paper · 45 questions

IPMAT Indore 2026

Verbal Ability

Read the passage or information below

Who has not often observed two dogs, members of the same household, communicating with each other? Pug and Gyp were two animals that belonged to the family where I spent a summer vacation. They thought much of each other when romping together in the yard, or in foraging the neighbouring woods and fields for rabbits and groundhogs. Never would they start out on an expedition for game without having previously laid their plans. It was interesting and amusing to watch them. They would bring their heads into close contiguity, remaining in this position for two or three minutes, when, by mutual consent, they would separate, look each other in the eyes, and then start off in different directions for the scene of their projected enterprise. Times out of number I have observed such behaviour and have always discovered that they meant something of the kind. There were no audible utterances, no visible gestures, yet there was an interchange of ideas. Through the medium of the eye were the thoughts conveyed. It was spirit speaking directly to spirit, conveying by a single glance of the eye thoughts which whole volumes would fail to express.

Each species of animal has its own dialect. Yet there is another language, a sort of animal lingua franca, which is common to all. A cry of warning, no matter from what bird or animal it emanates, is understood by them all, as is well known to many a sportsman who has lost his only chance of a shot by reason of an impertinent crow, jay or magpie which has espied him, and has given its cry of alarm. There is not a bird of garden or orchard, or a fowl of the barnyard or door-side, that does not understand the peculiar cry of the rooster when a hawk is seen careering overhead or perched upon the summit of a nearby tree. With one accord they flee to their coverts, and there remain until the danger is past.

No more quarrelsome and pugnacious species of bird exists than the English sparrow. It appropriates every available locality for nesting purposes, and our native species are driven to the necessity of fighting for their rights, or of seeking quarters in the rural districts which these birds do not infect. Thus, it is that many a useful robin, bluebird or martin is driven from our midst. Many have witnessed encounters between these birds and the robins. The author once saw a contest between a pair of sparrows and a pair of robins for the possession of a certain tree that grew in his yard. Now the robin, single-handed, is more than a match for a sparrow. In the engagement referred to, the robins were getting the better of the sparrows, which the latter were not slow in perceiving. Instantly the sparrows set up the wild, ear-piercing harangue for which they are peculiarly noted, when more than a score of friends from the immediate vicinity gathered to their assistance. But the war cry which they sounded not only summoned help to their standard, but it was equally understood by all the other birds of the neighbourhood, who flocked to the defence of their brethren against the alien. The battle waged warm and fiercely for some minutes, when the sparrows were forced to seek safety in retreat.

Question 1

The narrator observed that the two dogs, Pug and Gyp that belonged to the family

  1. A.

    thought much about each other throughout the day.

  2. B.

    communicated with each other about everything.

  3. C.

    romped and foraged together in the yard.

  4. D.

    played with each other and hunted together.

View answer

Correct answer: D

Question 2

The term lingua franca refers to a language which

  1. A.

    is widely spoken in France.

  2. B.

    humans cannot learn or understand.

  3. C.

    is the common one for people with different native languages.

  4. D.

    is used by all birds and animals to communicate within their species.

View answer

Correct answer: C

Question 3

The author had observed the dogs' interchange of ideas several times and felt that they communicated

  1. A.

    via sounds inaudible to humans and gestures that one could not understand.

  2. B.

    the direction each dog would take and what each would do.

  3. C.

    with their heads in close contiguity for two or three minutes.

  4. D.

    with an understanding beyond words and sounds.

View answer

Correct answer: D

Question 4

The war between the robins and the sparrows ended when

  1. A.

    the brethren of the sparrow flocked to the defence against the alien.

  2. B.

    the sparrows communicated with an ear-piercing harangue for which they are particularly noted.

  3. C.

    the robins who were getting the better of the two parties also got help from several other birds.

  4. D.

    more than a score of robins in the immediate vicinity chased away the sparrows.

View answer

Correct answer: C

Question 5

According to the passage, the English sparrow is quarrelsome, pugnacious and it

  1. A.

    is as useful as a robin, bluebird or martin.

  2. B.

    occupies whatever space it can find to bring up its young ones.

  3. C.

    is a native species driven to fight for its rights.

  4. D.

    seeks quarters in the rural districts which other birds do not infect.

View answer

Correct answer: B

Question 6

The cry of warning from a bird or animal

  1. A.

    is an expression of fear of humans and predators.

  2. B.

    makes the sportsman realise that he has lost his only chance of a shot.

  3. C.

    is distinct enough for several species to interpret correctly.

  4. D.

    could be that of a dog, crow, jay or magpie.

View answer

Correct answer: C

Read the passage or information below

Anger can be a useful emotion. It can play a key role in building a strong individual psyche, as also a just society. But the algohacking of our brains to keep them in a state of incessant anger? That's pure poison. Some companies and individuals draw colossal profits from it, but at terrible cost to general well-being. That rage bait has been declared Oxford English Dictionary's word of 2025 is indicative of the spread of this poison. In 2024, it was brain rot that came on top. Both speak of the same diseased online ecosystem. All of this is bad enough for adults, but what it's doing to children is a great nightmare.

Specifically, rage bait refers to online content designed to elicit anger or outrage. Once tech platforms figured out how this kind of content spirals user engagement, the algorithms got tweaked to feed us more and more of the same, activating a diabolical incentive structure of hate. Of course, in this swamp, reality is completely distorted. You could take any major event of recent times as an example and the difference between your newspaper's reportage and your online feed would be dramatic. Reading responsible accounts of pollution, a terror attack, an election result etc. would give you food for thought. On social media, you would be targeted with stuff doctored to send you into troll mode.

If you block the accounts that most inflame you, you deprive them of your attention, you refuse to buy the hate they are selling. Blocking even hurts them with the algorithm. David did defeat Goliath. And make no mistake, this is a civilisational battle. We must fight against the atrophy of our attention, its capture by the most terrible types of things that human nature can be drawn to, and to regain our sense and sensibility.

Question 7

The rage bait problem can be addressed by

  1. A.

    consuming more news on social media.

  2. B.

    algohacking content that is designed to produce anger.

  3. C.

    turning one's attention more closely to hateful propaganda.

  4. D.

    blocking sites that propagate inflammatory content.

View answer

Correct answer: D

Question 8

The phrase "a civilisational battle" could best be interpreted as a conflict that affects

  1. A.

    a battle of classes within society.

  2. B.

    the existential foundations of a society.

  3. C.

    a change into a new and better type of society.

  4. D.

    the outward forms of social beliefs and behaviour.

View answer

Correct answer: B

Question 9

The writer states all of the following except:

  1. A.

    Misuse of anger can negatively impact general wellbeing.

  2. B.

    Anger has been used by companies to gain monetary benefits.

  3. C.

    Constant anger has a function in certain situations.

  4. D.

    Anger has no useful purpose as it has no outcome.

View answer

Correct answer: D

Question 10

The reference to David and Goliath suggests that

  1. A.

    the seemingly weak can succeed in unequal fights.

  2. B.

    resistance to large negative forces fails.

  3. C.

    if powerful forces are defeated, they will revive.

  4. D.

    actions that seem unnecessary can be successful.

View answer

Correct answer: A

Question 11

According to the author, rage bait works when

  1. A.

    reading responsible accounts of pollution, terror or elections provides social media users food for thought.

  2. B.

    social media content fuels public anger to bring about constructive social change.

  3. C.

    tech platforms deliberately supply distorted content that incentivises hate.

  4. D.

    users actively chase news content that conforms to their political biases.

View answer

Correct answer: C

Question 12

The author is of the opinion that

  1. A.

    the response of users does not vary according to the media consumed.

  2. B.

    the reaction of users cannot be controlled by media.

  3. C.

    social media reports more widely and responsibly.

  4. D.

    reading responsible media reports promotes thoughtfulness.

View answer

Correct answer: D

Question 13

The journal published unverified details about the company's lack of business _________ .

  1. A.

    and this report on the business was calumnious

  2. B.

    and this report on the business was calamitous

  3. C.

    and this report on the business was callous

  4. D.

    and this report on the business was careless

View answer

Correct answer: A

Question 14

While travelling on the highway my car had a flat tyre; to _________ , it started to rain and I got drenched.

  1. A.

    befuddle me

  2. B.

    add to my complexities

  3. C.

    perplex me further

  4. D.

    make matters worse

View answer

Correct answer: D

Question 15

My roommate either hosts or attends parties every other day _________ .

  1. A.

    as she is very gracious

  2. B.

    as she is very gregarious

  3. C.

    as she is very egregious

  4. D.

    as she is very garrulous

View answer

Correct answer: B

Question 16

We had tried so hard to keep Maya's birthday party a surprise, but at the last minute someone _________ .

  1. A.

    let the cat out of the bag

  2. B.

    sent the cat out of the house

  3. C.

    played cat and mouse with her

  4. D.

    set the cat among the pigeons

View answer

Correct answer: A

Question 17

The rich businessman bought a luxury duplex apartment that must have cost a/an _________ .

  1. A.

    large bushelful

  2. B.

    incredulous bombshell

  3. C.

    entire legacy

  4. D.

    arm and a leg

View answer

Correct answer: D

Question 18

The philosophy professor confused his students with a complex ethical problem; Meera was the only one who understood it and gave a/an _________ response.

  1. A.

    hirsute

  2. B.

    obsequious

  3. C.

    didactic

  4. D.

    plausible

View answer

Correct answer: D

Question 19

When the young man's father had a heart attack, the whole family panicked; he was the only one who _________ and immediately sent for an ambulance.

  1. A.

    got his cool

  2. B.

    got reasonable

  3. C.

    remained woke

  4. D.

    kept his head

View answer

Correct answer: D

Question 20

Don't get mad at me. I did not invite a thousand people to our wedding. All I did was creating a link and sended it.

  1. A.

    to create a link and sent it

  2. B.

    create a link and send it

  3. C.

    created a link and sent it

  4. D.

    creating a link and sending it

View answer

Correct answer: B

Question 21

Although she has not been at her best this year, imagine that she would win this match against the reigning champion, no one would doubt her calibre as a sportsperson.

  1. A.

    should she be winning this match against

  2. B.

    imagine if she win this match against

  3. C.

    should she win this match against

  4. D.

    imagine that she is winning this match against

View answer

Correct answer: C

Question 22

The college now has a creator to help students with their personal as well as academic challenges.

  1. A.

    councilor

  2. B.

    consoler

  3. C.

    counsellor

  4. D.

    controller

View answer

Correct answer: C

Question 23

Even as the team's die-hard fans lost all hopes of a win, alone came the last batsman and surpassed them with three sixes in a row, leading the team to its victory.

  1. A.

    along came the last batsman and superannuated

  2. B.

    alone came the last batsman and surprised

  3. C.

    along came the last batsman and surprised

  4. D.

    alone came the last batsman and superannuated

View answer

Correct answer: C

Question 24

The judge has disposed himself from the case because of his prior association with the company.

  1. A.

    recanted

  2. B.

    recused

  3. C.

    refrained

  4. D.

    recouped

View answer

Correct answer: B

Question 25

Tech companies are spending billions to build data centres that power AI systems for growth and security. But data centres consume huge amounts of electricity, which has raised the cost of electricity for those living near the data centres. Some tech giants are now saying they will seek to pay not just for the energy its data centres use, but also to cover the costs of updating and adding necessary electricity to the grid. ______________________________________________________________ .

  1. A.

    Governments should bear the additional electricity costs, as AI will provide greater security.

  2. B.

    This way the additional electricity costs will not be passed on to other local consumers.

  3. C.

    Not all tech companies will be able to afford the additional electricity costs.

  4. D.

    This way the anger of the public will not be directed at the tech companies.

View answer

Correct answer: B

Question 26

Writing has long been a primary tool for thinking. ______________________________________________________________ . The articulation of thought, a foundational human skill, risks atrophy due to the deployment of AI. 'Help' from AI is a gentle, persistent pressure removing idiosyncrasies and pushing writers towards a standardised, middle-of-the-road voice. In a manner of speaking, the originality of the writer's voice is lost. Hence, the unique signature of the writer is eroded by an algorithm.

  1. A.

    For writers, the help provided by AI is essential for the formation of lucid thoughts.

  2. B.

    Without human effort, however, difficult concepts cannot be easily communicated to the reader.

  3. C.

    When that process is delegated to an outside agency, thinking itself becomes superficial.

  4. D.

    Thinking is a process expressed best by smooth, frictionless prose assisted by AI.

View answer

Correct answer: C

Question 27

With access to content and streaming video platforms among Indian viewers increasing, producers and creators seem to be taking fewer risks. Streaming service subscribers in India have traditionally appreciated the craft, acting, and storytelling of some exceptional videos on platforms like Netflix and HBO. ______________________________________________________________ . Driven by algorithms and a tendency to replicate templates that have worked in the past, Indian streamers increasingly favour star-led shows and films that promise safety over experimentation. Hence 2025 had fewer standout originals.

  1. A.

    Since a large proportion of OTT viewers in India use smart phones to view videos, the content has to be discerning.

  2. B.

    Yet, this past year, Indian producers have gravitated towards content that entertains a wider section of viewers.

  3. C.

    Now that smart phones are commonplace, viewing videos is no longer part of the shared and family time.

  4. D.

    Without a discerning viewership, Indian producers have had to use social media to promote and sell their stories.

View answer

Correct answer: B

Question 28

Till recently, weight-loss drugs have been an elite privilege, creating a class system among those battling obesity and diabetes and setting new aspirational benchmarks for a healthy life. Manufacturers have now lowered their prices to tap into a booming health-conscious market in India. Despite repeated clarification that the efficacy of the drug is co-dependent on diet, lifestyle corrections, fitness routines and, most importantly, baseline fitness and health, the drug is seen as manna from heaven. ______________________________________________________________ . This leads to the individual surrendering to a false sense of well-being.

  1. A.

    This creates a false sense of complacency about the drugs notwithstanding their side-effects.

  2. B.

    Weight loss drugs have allowed celebrities to parade their thin age-defying bodies.

  3. C.

    The once-a-week jab is seen as a convenience obviating the need for any other action.

  4. D.

    Weight loss is a path to thinness, a healthier lifestyle and a more attractive image.

View answer

Correct answer: C

Question 29

The newly appointed professor found it hard to _________ the students who were _________ and _________ to the topics discussed during lectures.

  1. A.

    enthuse; difficult; undisciplined

  2. B.

    encourage; withdrawn; indifferent

  3. C.

    inspire; belligerent; uninstructed

  4. D.

    engage; deficient; diffident

View answer

Correct answer: B

Question 30

The _________ of the uneducated masses can be described as a _________ faith that believes in fake Godmen based on instinct or emotion rather than on any _________ premise.

  1. A.

    credulity; groundless; objective

  2. B.

    hysteria; jingoistic; logical

  3. C.

    credibility; faulty; possible

  4. D.

    indifference; strong; obvious

View answer

Correct answer: A

Question 31

Some philosophers have used a _________ of bees as a transparent metaphor for modern _________ . In the hive, they argue, each bee works for its own personal gain, every profession has its own vulnerabilities; and everyone _________ the passions of others.

  1. A.

    community; societies; exploits

  2. B.

    conglomeration; armies; annihilates

  3. C.

    collection; socialism; admits

  4. D.

    congregation; objectivity; rejects

View answer

Correct answer: A

Question 32

A useful definition for anger can be found in Aristotle, which is also the starting point for an established Western _________ of reflection. Here, anger is a response to _________ damage to something or someone one cares about, and a damage that the angry person believes to have been _________ inflicted.

  1. A.

    philosophy; consequential; unsuspectingly

  2. B.

    tradition; significant; wrongfully

  3. C.

    culture; universal; uncannily

  4. D.

    habit; wilful; erroneously

View answer

Correct answer: B

Question 33

In the hothouse _________ of social media, you are filled with envy when you scroll through photos of exotic _________ and gleaming houses, but you reassure yourself that only _________ people want these things - your humble home is all that you really want.

  1. A.

    climate; vistas; ordinary

  2. B.

    excitement; locations; overachieving

  3. C.

    atmosphere; vacations; superficial

  4. D.

    madness; destinations; embarrassing

View answer

Correct answer: C

Question 34

Even as technology threatens to alter medicine _________ , doctors work with the conviction that they are _________ in matters of prognosis and treatment. History, however, shows that those most invested in their own _________ are rarely the best judges of their own irreplaceability.

  1. A.

    irrevocably; indispensable; survival

  2. B.

    invaluably; opportunistic; determination

  3. C.

    incredibly; reliable; concerns

  4. D.

    unimaginably; immutable; subculture

View answer

Correct answer: A

Read the passage or information below

Host: We often think of Ancient Egypt as a product of divine kingship, but you argue it was a product of logistical necessity. How did the geography of the Nile dictate Egypt's economic and political structure?

Guest: The Nile is a unique geographical corridor. Unlike the Mesopotamian rivers, which were unpredictable, the Nile flooded with remarkable regularity. This created a specific "if-then" logic for administration. If the flood reached 'X' height, you would have an abundance of grain; if it reached 'Y', you faced famine and so forth. This correlation between the flood level and agrarian yield enabled the first high-level systemic inferencing in history. A Nilometer was used to measure the Nile's water levels and helped officials forecast harvest quality, anticipate famine or abundance, and calculate tax levies based on the flood height, often considered ideal at 16 cubits.

Host: You also stated that the geography and the geometry created a centralized "logic-gate" in the operation of the state. Am I correct?

Guest: Exactly. Because the Nile is a single linear artery, whoever controlled the river controlled all transport and communication. In a forest or a vast plain, a rebellious group might hide or move. In the Nile Valley, there is nowhere to go but the desert. This geographical confinement gave the government immense agency. They could tax with 100% efficiency because they knew exactly how much land was fertile each year based on the flood levels.

Furthermore, the need to re-survey land after the silt covered the boundaries every year forced the development of geometry. Geometry wasn't just abstract math; it was a practical tool for efficient governance. The fit between geography, geometry and governance was so tight that the Egyptian state remained fundamentally stable for 3,000 years, an endurance record no modern business or nation has ever approached.

Question 35

What was the primary purpose of the "Nilometer"?

  1. A.

    To measure riverine levels to predict agricultural yields and fix tax rates.

  2. B.

    To calculate distances using the flow of water in the Nile.

  3. C.

    To measure the consumption of water by the capital city.

  4. D.

    To track the speed of trade ships travelling downstream.

View answer

Correct answer: A

Question 36

In the conversation, what does the term 'linear artery' imply about the Nile's role in Egypt?

  1. A.

    It was a corpuscular thread that ran from the North to the South of the country.

  2. B.

    It was the perennial source of water for most citizens.

  3. C.

    It served as the singular, vital channel for all movement and survival in the region.

  4. D.

    It was a complex network of hundreds of small, aortic streams.

View answer

Correct answer: C

Question 37

The term 'agency' with respect to the government refers to the

  1. A.

    ability of individual citizens to import and export on behalf of the government.

  2. B.

    mercantile belief that the government controlled all commerce.

  3. C.

    government's ability to exert power and organise resources within its territory.

  4. D.

    department responsible for calculation and collection of taxes.

View answer

Correct answer: C

Question 38

The Host refers to a "logic-gate". What is the 'input' and the 'output' of this gate?

  1. A.

    Input: Prayers and sacrifices; Output: Increased harvest.

  2. B.

    Input: Environmental data; Output: Administrative action.

  3. C.

    Input: Agriculture; Output: Exports.

  4. D.

    Input: Nilometer; Output: Inference.

View answer

Correct answer: B

Question 39

If the Nilometer reading in a given year was significantly lower than that of the previous year, what logical conclusion would the Egyptian bureaucracy arrive at?

  1. A.

    The quantum of arable land would remain unchanged that year.

  2. B.

    Food reserves would need to be managed strictly to prevent famine.

  3. C.

    They should immediately increase the volume of grain exports.

  4. D.

    Tax revenues for the coming year would likely increase.

View answer

Correct answer: B

Question 40

Why was "geographical confinement" beneficial to the central Egyptian government?

  1. A.

    It minimized the need for a complex governance structure by forcing all citizens to live in a single city.

  2. B.

    It provided a natural defence against both land as well as sea-based invasions.

  3. C.

    It restricted the population to a narrow, observable corridor, facilitating administrative oversight of movement and resources.

  4. D.

    It allowed for the easy expansion of the Egyptian state into landlocked territories.

View answer

Correct answer: C

Question 41

The sentences given below, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labelled with a number. Decide on the most logical order and enter only the sequence of numbers in the space provided.

  1. But, streaming service Deezer, which has developed tools to tackle AI music, points out that many of her albums on the platform are flagged as computer-generated.
  2. Three of Sienna Rose's jazz-infused soul songs are in the Viral Top 50.
  3. Look closer and you'll see the indications of an AI artist such as no social media presence, no videos, and an improbable number of songs released in a short space of time.
  4. The most popular, a dreamy ballad titled Into the Blue, has been played more than five million times.
View answer

Correct answer: 2413

Question 42

The sentences given below, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labelled with a number. Decide on the most logical order and enter only the sequence of numbers in the space provided.

  1. "It's going to be less of freak biological occurrences and more like hurricanes, which are increasing and becoming more devastating", say health experts.
  2. It is hard to predict which pathogen could launch the next global health crisis, but infectious diseases experts say they are closely watching various outbreaks world-wide for signs of pandemic potential.
  3. Pandemics are expected to occur more often and become more deadly because of climate change, globalisation, and the billions of livestock we raise to eat, as well as wild animals whose habitats we have diminished.
  4. A manufactured pathogen is also a danger. Due to advances in medical technology and AI, a single rogue actor can create a threat.
View answer

Correct answer: 3124

Question 43

The sentences given below, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labelled with a number. Decide on the most logical order and enter only the sequence of numbers in the space provided.

  1. Faced with an ageing population and sluggish economy, Beijing proposes to encourage more young people to marry and have children.
  2. At the same time, its death rate rose to 8.04 per 1,000 people.
  3. China's birth rates fell for the fourth consecutive year and sunk to a record low.
  4. Despite the government rolling out a spate of incentives to boost it, the country's birth rate fell to 5.63 per 1,000 people.
View answer

Correct answer: 3421

Question 44

The sentences given below, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labelled with a number. Decide on the most logical order and enter only the sequence of numbers in the space provided.

  1. During the last 150 years or so, the world production of food has increased for two main reasons.
  2. At the same time the development of various branches of science, and in particular medical science, has helped to eliminate or lessen the effects of many diseases, enabling more adults to reach old age.
  3. New lands have been brought into use for farming for the first time, and new techniques have made it possible to obtain higher yields in existing farming areas.
  4. The relentless growth of world population over the last 150 to 200 years was only possible because more and more food and other items of consumption became available.
View answer

Correct answer: 4132

Question 45

The sentences given below, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labelled with a number. Decide on the most logical order and enter only the sequence of numbers in the space provided.

  1. In established companies, putting in extra hours is usually a way to get ahead. Elon Musk once said that no one ever changed the world on a 40-hour workweek. They are less likely to be promoted too.
  2. There are also other ways to approach this question. You might argue that the optimal workweek is defined by output, not hours. You might say that this is one for policy makers.
  3. How long people actually work is not the same as how long they ought to. Jobs, incomes and cultural norms vary so wildly that there is no right answer.
  4. Nine to five is still alive. Sort of. A new survey of labour-force data finds that the world's adult employed population works an average of 42 hours a week.
View answer

Correct answer: 1432

Question and solution source: Afterboards. Sample and dropped questions retain their source labels.